![]() Beyond Pre-Analytical and Analytical Concerns in the Study of Synovial Fluid Proteome: Description of an Optimized Gel-Based Protocol. ![]() Differential Proteomic Analysis of Synovial Fluid from Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Patients. Proteomic Analysis of Human Osteoarthritis Synovial Fluid. ![]() The authors declare no conflict of interest. The limits and potentials of these SF biomarkers will be discussed. Several SF proteins have been studied to improve the diagnosis of PJIs, including alpha-defensin (Alpha-D), leukocyte esterase (LE), c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), calprotectin and presepsin. Moreover, proteomics has demonstrated that some pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18, have a role in OA. Proteomics of the SF has shown the up-regulation of several components of the classic complement pathway in OA samples, including C1, C2, C3, C4A, C4B, C5, and C4 C4BPA, thus depicting that complement is involved in the pathogenesis of OA. This review aims to summarize the usefulness of synovial fluid in orthopaedics research and clinical practice, mainly focusing on osteoarthritis (OA) and periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). ![]() Based on these findings the study of SF has been gaining increasing importance, in recent years. SF represents a source of disease-related proteins that could be used as potential biomarkers in several articular diseases. Synovial fluid (SF) is a viscous and mucinous substance produced by the synovium, a specialized connective tissue that lines diarthrodial joints.
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